<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestar</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник аритмологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Arrhythmology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-8641</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7327</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НАО «Инкарт»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35336/VA-2021-3-13-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestar-986</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт медикаментозной кардиоверсии рефралоном при персистирующей форме фибрилляции и трепетания предсердий по данным оренбургской областной клинической больницы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experience of pharmacological cardioversion with refralon in persistent atrial fibrillation and flutter according to the data of the cardiology department of Orenburg regional clinical hospital</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-065X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, Советская ул., д.6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 6 Sovetskaya str.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lilikon@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8493-4745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, ул. Аксакова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 23 Aksakova str.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-437X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivkova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, ул. Аксакова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 23 Aksakova str.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-7074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камышанова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamyshanova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, ул. Аксакова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 23 Aksakova str.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрамова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abramova</surname><given-names>O. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, ул. Аксакова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 23 Aksakova str.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-8859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучма</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuchma</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, Советская ул., д.6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 6 Sovetskaya str.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-8089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турмухамбетова</surname><given-names>Б. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turmukhambetova</surname><given-names>B. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, Советская ул., д.6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 6 Sovetskaya str.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-0624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оренбург, Советская ул., д.6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orenburg, 6 Sovetskaya str.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Оренбургская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Козлова Л.К., Соколова Н.В., Сивкова А.В., Камышанова А.Е., Абрамова О.Ю., Кучма Г.Б., Турмухамбетова Б.Т., Никонова Е.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлова Л.К., Соколова Н.В., Сивкова А.В., Камышанова А.Е., Абрамова О.Ю., Кучма Г.Б., Турмухамбетова Б.Т., Никонова Е.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlova L.K., Sokolova N.V., Sivkova A.V., Kamyshanova A.E., Abramova O.Y., Kuchma G.B., Turmukhambetova B.T., Nikonova E.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/986">https://vestar.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/986</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка эффективности и безопасности рефралона на основе опыта его применения в кардиологическом отделении ГАУЗ «Оренбургской областной клинической больницы».</p></sec><sec><title>Методы исследования</title><p>Методы исследования. Проанализированы архивные истории болезни 14 пациентов с персистирующей фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) и 2-х - с персистирующим трепетанием предсердий (ТП) (всего 16 пациентов), которым была предпринята попытка восстановления синусового ритма рефралоном. Средний возраст пациентов составил 51,7±10,4 лет. Средняя длительность ФП/ТП с момента её последнего выявления составила 8,0±6,5 недель (от 8 дней до 8 месяцев). Артериальную гипертонию имели 15 больных, из них у 3 была ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС), ещё у 1 - ИБС сочеталась с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Один из обследуемых имел идиопатическую ФП. Перед кардиоверсией всем больным проводилось обследование, в котором помимо клинического и биохимического исследования крови, клинического анализа мочи, выполнялись электрокардиография (ЭКГ), эхокардиография (ЭхоКГ), чреспищеводная ЭхоКГ, холтеровское мониторирование ЭКГ, а также в крови определялся уровень тиреотропного гормона, тироксина, электролитов, включая калий и магний.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным ЭхоКГ, исходно, поперечный размер левого предсердия (ЛП) у пациентов составил 4,3±0,3 см. Его увеличение отмечалось у 68,7% больных (от 4,3 до 5,0 см). Восстановление синусового ритма после первого этапа введения рефралона в дозе 10 мкг/кг достигнуто у 8 пациентов, после второго этапа введения (суммарная доза 20 мкг/кг) - у 5 пациентов и после третьего этапа (суммарная доза 30 мкг/кг) - у 2 пациентов. У одного пациента не было достигнуто восстановление синусового ритма после введения третьего болюса. Из 15 больных с восстановленным синусовым ритмом у трёх произошёл рецидив ФП. У одного из больных с успешной кардиоверсией восстановление синусового ритма произошло на следующие сутки. Длительность последнего эпизода нарушенного ритма и размер ЛП существенно не влияли на эффективность кардиоверсии и составили у пациентов с успешной кардиоверсией соответственно 62±54 дня и 4,3±0,35 см, а с рецидивом пароксизма - 34,3±28 дня и 4,2±0,35 см (p=0,2; р=0,6). Эффективность кардиоверсии рефралоном составила у больных с ФП 71,4%, а с ТП - 100%. Нежелательных побочных действий рефралона у пациентов выявлено не было.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На момент выписки пациентов из стационара синусовый ритм регистрировался у 12 из 16 пациентов (75%). Неэффективность кардиоверсии рефралоном отмечена только у пациентов с ФП, при ТП ритм был восстановлен у всех.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To assess the effectiveness and safety of refralon based cardioversion on the experience of the cardiology department of Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The archival medical histories of 14 patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and 2 patients with persistent atrial flutter (AFL) (overall 16 patients), who underwent an attempt to restore sinus rhythm with refralon, were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 51.7±10.4 years. The mean duration of AF/AFL since its last detection was 8.0±6.5 weeks (from 8 days to 8 months). Fifteen patients had hypertension, 3 of them had coronary artery disease (CAD), and 1 patient had CAD with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the patients had lone AF. Before cardioversion, all patients underwent the following examination: clinical and biochemical blood tests, clinical urine tests, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (Echo), transesophageal Echo, Holter ECG, the determination of the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, electrolytes, including potassium and magnesium.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to Echo, initially, the transverse size of the left atrium in patients was 4.3±0.3 cm. Its increase was noted in 68.7% of patients (from 4.3 to 5.0 cm). Restoration of sinus rhythm after the first step of refralon administration at a dose of 10 μg/kg was achieved in 8 patients, after the second step of administration (total dose 20 μg/kg) - in 5 patients and after the third step (total dose 30 μg/kg) - in 2 patients. In 1 patient, restoration of sinus rhythm was not achieved after the administration of the third bolus. Out of 15 patients with restored sinus rhythm, AF recurrence occurred in three. In one of the patients with successful cardioversion, the sinus rhythm was restored the next day. The duration of the last episode of AF and the size of the left atrium did not significantly affect the effectiveness of cardioversion and amounted to 62±54 days and 4.3±0.35 cm, respectively, in patients with successful cardioversion, and with a recurrence of AF - 34.3±28 days and 4.2±0.35 cm (p=0.2; р=0.6). The efficacy of cardioversion with refralon was 71.4% in patients with AF, and 100% in patients with AFL. No adverse events of refralon were found in patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. At the time of discharge, sinus rhythm was recorded in 12 out of 16 patients (75%). The ineffectiveness of cardioversion with refralon was noted only in patients with AF; in all patients with AFL the sinus rhythm was restored.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медикаментозная кардиоверсия</kwd><kwd>рефралон</kwd><kwd>трепетание предсердий</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacological cardioversion</kwd><kwd>refralon</kwd><kwd>atrial flutter</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrallation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Circulation. 2014;129(8): 837-47. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Circulation. 2014;129(8): 837-47. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pistoia F, Sacco S, Tiseo C, et al. The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation and stroke. Cardiol Clin. 2016;34(2): 255-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2015.12.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pistoia F, Sacco S, Tiseo C, et al. The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation and stroke. Cardiol Clin. 2016;34(2): 255-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2015.12.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watson T, Shantsila E, Lip GY. Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation: Virchow’s triad revisited. Lancet. 2009;373(9658): 155-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(09)60040-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watson T, Shantsila E, Lip GY. Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation: Virchow’s triad revisited. Lancet. 2009;373(9658): 155-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(09)60040-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинин РЕ, Сучков ИА, Богуто ОН. Эмболия магистральных артерий при фибрилляции предсердий. Рос. мед. биол. вестн. им. акад. И.П. Павлова. 2012;2: 236- 42. https://doi.org/10.17816/PAVLOVJ20122234-241.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinin RE, Suchkov IA, Boguto ON. Embolism of main arteries in atrial fibrillation. I.P.Pavlov Russian medical biological herald. 2012;2: 236-42. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/PAVLOVJ20122234-241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekwelem W, Connolly SJ, Halperin JL, et al. Extracranial systemic embolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. Circulation. 2015;132: 787-89. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.013243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekwelem W, Connolly SJ, Halperin JL, et al. Extracranial systemic embolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes. Circulation. 2015;132: 787-89. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.013243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации РКО «Фибрилляция и трепитание предсердий у взрослых». М:2020. Доступно по адресу http://scardio.ru/content/Guidelines/2020/Clinic_rekom_FP_TP.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations of the Russian Society of Cardiology “Atrial fibrillation and flutter in adults”. Мoscow:2020. Available from http://scardio.ru/content/Guidelines/2020/Clinic_rekom_FP_TP.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, et al. Population prevalence, incidence, and predictors of atrial fibrillation in the Renfrew/Paisley study. Heart. 2001;86: 516-21. https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.86.5.516.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, et al. Population prevalence, incidence, and predictors of atrial fibrillation in the Renfrew/Paisley study. Heart. 2001;86: 516-21. https:// doi.org/10.1136/heart.86.5.516.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001; 285: 2370-75. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.285.18.2370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001; 285: 2370-75. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.285.18.2370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of artrial fibrillation: Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014;129 (8): 837-47. https://doi.org/10/1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113/005119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, et al. Worldwide epidemiology of artrial fibrillation: Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014;129 (8): 837-47. https://doi.org/10/1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113/005119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дощицин ВЛ, Фёдорова МХ. Лечение фибрилляции предсердий у коморбидных пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Consilium medicum. 2018;20(12): 47-54. https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2018.12.180156</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doschitsin VL, Fedorova MH. Treatment of atrial fibrillation in comorbid patients of the senior age. Consilium medicum. 2018;20(12): 47-54 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2018.12.180156</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Востриков ВА, Разумов КВ. Эффективность электрической кардиоверсии пароксизмальной фибрилляции предсердий при использовании биполярного квазисинусоидального импульса у больных ишемической болезнью сердца. Общая реаниматология. 2014;10(2): 41-49. https://doi.org/org/10.15360/1813-9779-2014-2-41-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vostrikov VA, Razumov KV. Efficiency of Electrical Cardioversion of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in the Use of Bipolar QuasiSinusoidal Impulse in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. General reanimatology. 2014;10(2): 41-49 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/org/10.15360/1813-9779-2014-2-41-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJ, Van Glist WH et al. Prediction of uneventful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm from direct-current electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter. Am J Cardiol 1991;68: 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90707-r</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJ, Van Glist WH et al. Prediction of uneventful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm from direct-current electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter. Am J Cardiol 1991;68: 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90707-r</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Востриков ВА. Электроимпульсная терапия предсердных и желудочковых тахиаритмий. В кн. Руководство по нарушениям ритма сердца. (Ред. Чазова ЕИ, Голицына СП). М: ГЭОТАР-Медиа 2008: 245-272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vostrikov VA. Cardioversion of atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In. Guide to cardiac arrhythmias (Ed. Chazov EI, Golitsyn SP). Moscow: GEOTAR Media 2008: 245-272. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юричева ЮА, Соколов СФ, Голицын СП и др. Новый антиаритмический препарат III класса нифередил как эффективное средство восстановления синусового ритма при персистирующей форме мерцательной аритмии. Вестник аритмологии. 2012;70: 32-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuricheva YuA, Sokolov SF, Golitsyn SP et al. A novel III class antiarrithmic, niferidil, as an effective medication for the sinus rhythm recovery in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Journal of Arrhythmology. 2012;70: 32-43. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bregvadze I, Maykov E, Sokolov S, et al. The predictors of the efficacy of pharmacological cardioversion with class III antiarrhythmic drug - nibentan in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2017;8: 1374. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.P6383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bregvadze I, Maykov E, Sokolov S, et al. The predictors of the efficacy of pharmacological cardioversion with class III antiarrhythmic drug - nibentan in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2017;8: 1374. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.P6383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еремеев АГ. Современные антиаритмические средства. Какой выбор у клинициста? Молодой учёный. 2018;46(232): 80-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eremeev AG. Modern antiarrhythmic drugs. What is the clinician’s choice? Young Scientist. 2018;46(232): 80-86. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брегвадзе ИН, Майков ЕБ, Бильдинов ОА и др. Эффективность и безопасность нибентана при медикаментозной кардиоверсии у больных с персистирующей формой фибрилляции и трепетании предсердий: роль ограничения доз препарата и применения магния сульфата. Кардиология. 2007;3: 48-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bregvadze IN, Maikov E B, Bildinov OA, et al. Efficacy and safety of nibentan in drug-induced cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and flutter: the role of dose restriction and the use of magnesium sulfate. Cardiology 2007;3: 48-55. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galperin J, Elizari MV, Chiale PA, et al. Pharmacologic reversion of persistent atrial fibrillation with amiodarone predicts longterm sinus rhythm maintenance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2003;8: 179-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/107424840300800302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galperin J, Elizari MV, Chiale PA, et al. Pharmacologic reversion of persistent atrial fibrillation with amiodarone predicts longterm sinus rhythm maintenance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2003;8: 179-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/107424840300800302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Розенштраух ЛВ, Федоров ВВ, Резник АВ и др. Экспериментальное электрофизиологическое исследование препарата III класса РГ-2. Кардиология. 2003; 9:56-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenshtraukh LV, Fedorov VV, Reznik AV, et al. Electrofhisiological experimental study of a novel class III antiarrhythmic drug RG-2. Cardiology. 2003;9: 56-64. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юричева ЮА, Майков ЕБ, Соколов СФ и др. Первый опыт клинического применения нового антиаритмического препарата III класса ниферидила у больных с персистирующей формой фибрилляции предсердий. Кардиология. 2011;1: 55-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juricheva JuA, Maikov EB, Sokolov SF, Klimenko UL, et al. The first clinical experience with a new antiarrhythmic drug class III niferidil in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol., 2011;1: 55-64. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Майков ЕБ, Юричева ЮА, Миронов НЮ и др. Рефралон (ниферидил) - новый антиаритмический препарат III класса для медикаментозной кардиоверсии персистирующей фибрилляции и трепетания предсердий. Терапевтический архив. 2015;1: 38-48. https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh201587138-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maykov EB, Yuricheva YuA, Mironov NYu, Sokolov SF. Refralon (niferidil) is a new class III antiarrhythmic agent for pharmacological cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2015;1: 38-48. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh201587138-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громыко ТЮ, Сайганов СА. Ремоделирование левого предсердия у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий при различных методах восстановления синусового ритма. Вестник Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И.И.Мечникова. 2017;9(2): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov20179251-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromyko TY, Sayganov SA. Remodelling of the left atrial at the patients with atrial fibrillation in various methods of sinus rhythm recovery. Herald of the Northwestern State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2017;9(2): 51-59. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov20179251-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Влодзяновский ВВ, Малкина ТА, Соколов СФ и др. Восстановление синусового ритма при персистирующей фибрилляции предсердий у больных с ожирением: новые возможности лекарственной кардиоверсии. Кардиология. 2017;57(10): 80-86. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2017.10.10036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlodzyanovskiy VV, Malkina TA, Sokolov SF et al. Restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and obesity: new possibilities of pharmacological cardioversion. J Cardiol. 2017;57(10): 80-86. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18087/ cardio.2017.10.10036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
